It's been suggested that green was symbolic of promiscuity and that the lady in question was a prostitute. Numerous recordings of the song have taken place over the 20 th century by Jazz artists, most memorably for a commercial of a blanket company. As decades turn into centuries, the popularity of this song will stay fresh and novel for generations to come.

Typical chord harmonic progression of lute traditional music and chord progression that was used for Greensleeves and What Child is This: If you think of the key of the song as minor key and use roman numeral system, the chord progression is going to be I minor - VII major - VI major - V major. With a number system, it's going to be 1 minor - 7 major - 6 major - 5 major. If you think of the key of this song as major key and use the roman numeral system, the chord progression is going to be VI minor - V major - IV major - III minor or major.

With a number system, it's going to be 6 minor - 5 major - 4 major - 3 minor or major. What does it mean to have green sleeves? A possible interpretation of the lyrics is that Lady Green Sleeves was a promiscuous young woman, perhaps even a prostitute.

At the time, the word "green" had sexual connotations, most notably in the phrase "a green gown", a reference to the grass stains on a woman's dress from engaging in sexual intercourse outdoors.

What instruments are used in Greensleeves? Not only is it heard in versions for piano, recorder, harp, lute, guitar, and nearly every other instrument, but its tune has also become that of a well-loved Christmas carol "What child is this? Who created the first music? He first improved and reworked standard notation to be more user-friendly by adding time signatures.

Then he invented solfege. Based on this, it has been interpreted by some that the lady greensleeves mentioned in the song is a prostitute. This interpretation is disputed by another explanation according to which Greensleeves simply refers to the dress of the lady for whom the song was written. This interpretation states that the lady was not promiscuous and rather, rejected the advances of her lover which can be taken to mean that she had a high character.

One of the earliest literary references to the greensleeves tune exist in the works of Shakespeare. The play was penned down by Shakespeare in which shows that by this time, the tune was already quite popular. Greensleeves is a very popular English folk song and tune which was composed sometime during the 16th century. There are many theories regarding the origin of the song.

Some legends trace it back to the time of King Henry VIII, claiming that he originally composed and wrote the song for his second-queen and former-mistress Anne Boleyn.

More historical evidence exists to suggest that the song was actually created in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Actual historical data shows that the song was first registered as a ballad in and then became a popular tune for musical manuscripts and publications in the 16th and 17th centuries. Other options. Close drawer menu Financial Times International Edition. Search the FT Search. World Show more World. US Show more US.

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While ten service providers have signed up, Vodafone, Everything Everywhere and Virgin Media have so far refused. The UK has lagged other leading markets and Ofcom has revealed that spectrum will be allocated in Ofcom has set aside spectrum intended to guarantee the presence of four LTE operators in the UK market.

This is the judgement of a C-level executive from one of the UK network operators, who asked not to be named. Network operator Everything Everywhere is deploying a mobile contactless transport ticketing service in the UK, which could lead to a nationwide roll out across select bus and rail services in Everything Everywhere, the company formed by the merger of Orange and T-Mobile in the UK, has posted a drop in service revenue of 2.

The service offers price comparison for online shopping, person to person money transfer and allows the user to digitise cards linked to existing bank accounts, or load money onto an O2 stored value account.

Sylvan Thevanot, marketing director for UK network provider Everything Everywhere has called on all fixed line and mobile operators to get their networks in order in time for the London Olympics due to the held in the UK capital during July and August EE says the 4G service and fibre optic broadband will allow customers to quickly download high-definition movies, watch TV on the move without buffering and access the web without waiting. You must be logged in to post a comment.

At the end of every week I look at the key stories, offering my view on what they mean for you and the industry. Here is my take. You've rejected analytics cookies. We use cookies to make our services work and collect analytics information. To accept or reject analytics cookies, turn on JavaScript in your browser settings and reload this page. Last accounts made up to 31 March With 4G customers on average five years younger than the typical mobile phone owner, Swantee said take up rates would rise in September as students head back to university for the new term.

This article is more than 8 years old. EE says it is on track to reach its target of 1m subscribers by Christmas.

He lost, but continued to be the party's candidate in several subsequent elections. Debs received almost a million votes - six percent of the ballots cast. After four consecutive losing presidential campaigns, in Debs decided to run for an Indiana Congressional seat.

He campaigned on a pacifist platform of American neutrality in the First World War. Once the United States entered the war, Debs was arrested for violating the Espionage Act after making what the district attorney of Canton, Ohio called an anti-war speech in Debs in fact only mentioned the war once, but under this repressive new law, was sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. Nominated for a fifth time as the Socialist Party's presidential candidate in , Debs campaigned from his jail cell and garnered over a million votes.

Despite repeated pleas from Debs' supporters, President Wilson refused to release Debs from prison. President Harding finally ordered him set free on Christmas Day Debs lived until , leaving a legacy best summed up in his own words.

Soon it had nearly a hundred and fifty thousand members, with Debs, at its head, as their Moses. Three thousand workers from the Pullman Palace Car Company, many of them American Railway Union members, had already begun a wildcat strike in May of , a month before the A. After hearing from her, the A. That Curtis had a voice at all that day was thanks in part to Debs, who had supported the admission of women to the A.

He also argued for the admission of African-Americans. But, by a vote of to , the assembled members decided that the union would be for whites only. If two votes had gone the other way, the history of the labor movement in the United States might have turned out very differently.

Black men, closed out of the A. If working on a Pullman car was degrading, it was also, for decades, one of the best jobs available to African-American men. Its perks included safe travel at a time when it was difficult for black people to make their way between any two American cities without threat or harm. The A. Philip Randolph. The Pullman strike of , one of the single biggest labor actions in American history, stalled trains in twenty-seven states.

Pursued by a U. Attorney General who had long served as a lawyer for the railroads, Debs and other A. The U. He and seven other organizers were sentenced to time behind bars—Debs to six months, the others to three—and served that time in Woodstock, Illinois, in a county jail that was less a prison than a suite of rooms in the back of the elegant two-story Victorian home of the county sheriff, who had his inmates over for supper every night. Debs: A Graphic Biography. Very little of this is true.

He ran the union office out of his cell. He was allowed to leave jail on his honor. While in jail, he turned away overtures from socialists. The people elected Bryan, it was said, but money elected McKinley. On January 1, , writing in the Railway Times , Debs proclaimed himself a socialist. Money constitutes no proper basis of civilization. For Debs, socialism meant public ownership of the means of production. It recognizes the equality in men. In , he campaigned in thirty-three states, travelling on a custom train called the Red Special.

Debs was too sick to run in Debs spoke out against the war as soon as it began. In that war I am prepared to fight in any way the ruling class may make necessary, even to the barricades. And, as a member of the Senate, Sanders said it again. They had no children. Not a wheel moved on Great Northern and at end of 18 days, the railway granted demands of union. Finished sentences Nov. Given triumphal welcome by thousands on his arrival in Chicago, from Woodstock, Ill.

The weekly magazine achieved a circulation of several hundred thousand due to the powerful writing of Debs. The bound files of the Appeal to Reason for the years of to are part of the library in the Debs home. Debs circa — Ran for Congress in his home district in Terre Haute on the Socialist ticket and was defeated.

For this speech he was arrested and convicted in federal court in Cleveland, Ohio under the war-time espionage law. He was his own attorney and his appeal to the jury and his statement to the court before sentencing, are regarded as two of the great classic statements ever made in a court of law.

He was sentenced to serve 10 years in prison. April 12, — Debs began serving his sentence in Moundsville, W. State prison and was transferred to Atlanta, Ga. Federal prison two months later.

He has siblings as well. As per his education, he is well educated. Etho has not shown what he looks like, but he has given some descriptions of himself. How old is EthosLab? He was born on August 20, in Canada. He is yrs old. He holds Canadian nationality and belongs to mixed ethnicity. Despite not making an official public appearance, Etho has revealed some details about his appearance on occasion. He is 6'2", [6] sometimes wears glasses, [7] and has described his hairstyle as similar to of one of the possible Cube World characters.

At both MineCon and MineCon , generikb posted multiple pictures to Twitter claiming to have met Etho in person, though that was not the case. Etho had hinted at attending MineCon , [13] [14] but later said he wouldn't be attending after learning the event would be held in Europe.

Before starting his Minecraft Let's Play, Etho uploaded a number of Harvest Moon 64 videos to YouTube, all without commentary, and some video game programming showcases prior to that.

Etho joined the Mindcrack Server in November , at the same time as Docm77 , after befriending Guude through the second Race for Wool. Etho joined the HermitCraft server in March , [25] at the same time as Docm77 , following extended inactivity on the Mindcrack Server. He says joined to feel the same sense of community he felt during Season 3 of Mindcrack. In episode , as part of his , subscriber special, Etho rigged the diamond ore to trigger an explosion when it is mined.

He blames the explosion on Spaz. In episode , Etho uses blocks of diamonds positioned in above the ground as a target for a TNT cannon. Spaz first appeared in episode 25 of Etho Plays Minecraft for his Subscriber special. Etho makes a treaty with Spaz declaring that he is forbidden from making videos in his Let's Play World. In a series of unfortunate events, Etho eventually ignites TNT, [23] destroying Spaz, starting a feud between Etho and the creepers.

In episode 50, Etho revisits Spaz at his grave but is blown up while standing above it. At the start of the next episode, Etho's base burns down, and he blames it on Spaz. Whenever Spaz moves, he triggers more dispensers, shooting arrows towards Etho. The battle results in a resignation from Etho, promising to come back "once [Spaz] is ready to fight like men".

They meet once again in episode 68, for the subscriber special, Spaz and Etho play a game of chicken. In episode 91, Etho meets Spaz Jr, another creeper, and tries to make him an astronaut by launching him vertically with TNT. In season 2 of Etho Plays Minecraft, Etho decided to build his base inside a cave. He decided to do this because it allow him to get resources more easily and because he believes recording is easier in the cave.

Genre : Drama,Comedy. Read More. Premiere Date : Oct 18 Genre : Comedy,Family. Grey's Anatomy. Premiere Date : Nov 12 Genre : Drama. The Innocent Man. TV Network : Netflix. Premiere Date : Dec 14 Genre : Documentary.

The Underground Railroad. Premiere Date : May 13 Movies in Spotlight. Celebs in Spotlight. Drushyam 2. Mega Stuartpuram Donga. Dasari Padma who was sick for some time and went into coma passed away on the twenty-fifth of October at Somajiguda Hospital in Hyderabad at the age of sixty-five. Her last rites were performed at the family house, near to Chevelle which is adjoining to the Ranga Reddy District. Many eminent people such as the Chief Minister Kiran Kumar Reddy came to give their condolences to her family.

Keerthy Suresh Exclusive Interview Nettv4u. Our Youtube Channels. Movie Reviews Coming Soon. Slideshows Telugu Articles. Date of death: Skills » Producer. VY Praveen Kumar Previous. Gangapatnam Sridhar Next. Best On-Screen Combination? Best Dancer In Tollywood? Top 10 Latest Telugu Romantic Movies.

Is That Tru.. Prabhas Started His Next…. Click Here For More News. Actress Nandini Rai Lovely Stills. Actress Harshika Poonacha Angelic Images. Actress Catherine Tresa Good-looking Images. Actress Ashmita Karnani Cute Images. Actress Rajshri Ponnappa Charming Photos. Actress Bhanu Sree Gorgeous Photos. People on the sets panicked but after first-aid and a bit of rest,Ajit continued with the shoot. Die-hard fans of Ajit believe that Billa 2 would prove an even bigger hit than his Mankatha,which had broken the box-office records of Billa.

Click here to join our channel indianexpress and stay updated with the latest headlines. Screen Correspondent Written by Screen Correspondent Mumbai November 11, pm. Ajit suffers minor injury on the sets of Billa 2.

Does Cloud sleep with Tifa? Do Cloud and Tifa get together? Is Cloud Sephiroth a clone? What is wrong with Cloud FF7?

Is Jessie in love with Cloud? Who is Cloud's father? Who is stronger Noctis or cloud? Is Cloud stronger than Sephiroth? Are Sora and Kairi in love? Is Sora's story over? Who is yozora kh3? Why is Cloud Strife depressed? Is Vincent Sephiroth's father? How old is Rufus Shinra?

There are two explanations I like Once you beat the game and the credits roll, there's a scene where Cloud is brought to Hollow Bastion and meets Aerith. She's not in the Kingdom Hearts universe, so it makes sense that Cloud could be looking for her.

They certainly cared for each other and potentially had a relationship, but that is debatable. This makes sense, but I think him looking for Aerith is more likely. That would be right User Info: Winguarde. Cloud was looking for Sephiroth. I'm pretty sure KH2 confirmed this. He might have been also looking for Tifa, though. User Info: Montie2k. She's not in the Kingdom Hearts universe, The hell she isn't So are we so different?

Of course, we are, and you will be even more different if I ever finish my homemade flame thrower. More topics from this board When enraged, he activates "Omnislash", where he surrounds himself with lightning and starts flying and attacking in a Sephiroth-like manner. Essentially, his entire move set consists of his original Limit Breaks. Although Cloud is a much weaker boss than Sephiroth in Kingdom Hearts , the fact he was able to go head-to-head with him in Kingdom Hearts II implies that he wasn't fighting as hard as he could against Sora.

Since he acted as a supporting character, but not as a party member in Kingdom Hearts II , Cloud is immune to damage during the period of time he helps Sora's party. Cloud is, by far, the most powerful ally in Kingdom Hearts II ; along with being immune to damage, he is able to deal a large amount of damage in a very short amount of time. When using a cheat device to place him in the party, he often single-handedly obliterates even the most dangerous bosses in the game.

Cloud appears as a summon card after clearing Olympus Coliseum 's Room of Truth. When his card is used, Cloud arrives and unleashes two successive sword slashes. Stocking two Cloud cards creates the Cross-slash sleight, which increases his attack to a three-slash combo. Three cards form Omnislash , where Cloud sweeps in on enemies and attacks repeatedly, while the player presses when prompted.

Additionally, Cloud can be used as part of magic sleights that require the use of any summon card, including Confuse , Gifted Miracle , Tornado , and Terror. Cloud appears as a party member in Olympus Coliseum, and he uses Omnislash once again as a special attack.

Cloud was born and raised in the small town of Nibelheim, the same village Tifa is from. Despite his association with Hades, his heart remains untouched by the Heartless. Cloud keeps very much to himself, which makes him something of an enigma.

What is he seeking? Cloud seeks the true memories he has lost. Were they memories of someone dear to him, or memories of his hazy past? He once fought against Sora and his friends under contract with Hades.

Cloud hates letting other people see what he's thinking, so he can be an enigma to other people. He searches for Sephiroth, hoping to settle things once and for all with his inner darkness.

Kingdom Hearts coded A buster sword-wielding soldier whose past failures continue to weigh on him. Believing himself weak, Cloud sought out the secrets of a hero's strength, as well as the secrets darkness might hold. Hades tried to use these desires against him, but once Cloud realized he was being manipulated, he wisely joined forces with Sora and Hercules.

Defeat him before he can unleash it, or find another way to stay in the game! This section of the article is a stub. You can help by expanding it. I was talking with Tetsu about what Cloud could be doing in Hollow Bastion, and we eventually moved towards him chasing after Sephiroth, but also being chased by something himself.

So Cloud's really running from something, but goes around pretending, saying that he's chasing Sephiroth. Then we decided to make it him running from the 'something warm' like what Tifa was after in Advent Children.

Meta categories: Featured articles Articles with section stubs. Radiant Garden Olympus Coliseum. After the Heartless battle, Cloud keeps at a distance from the others and avoids fighting the Heartless from Space Paranoids , knowing that his friends have enough strength to fend off the MCP's tricks. After the MCP is defeated, he is seen once again with Leon when Tron shows them a sight of when their city was first built, and so reminded everyone of its true name.

Cloud, still searching for Sephiroth, can be found in the town center after this. Sora, having just fought Sephiroth, reveals that he is at the Dark Depths. Cloud then goes off to settle the score. Sora manages to get to Sephiroth first, and he asks where Cloud is. Just then, Cloud arrives, and Sephiroth makes more comments on how Cloud can never let go of his darkness. Cloud grows angry, demanding he shuts up, and the two battle.

However, Sephiroth says that defeating him will be futile, for Cloud's darkness will always hold him back. Sephiroth's words begin to drag him into the depths of despair, but Tifa once again arrives. Cloud warns her to stay away from Sephiroth, but she refuses, for she wants to help him.

Sephiroth says that it is futile, for Cloud will always have darkness within him. Tifa doesn't deny this, but retorts that as long as he is surrounded in light, the darkness within him can't be reached. Tifa attacks Sephiroth as Cloud watches, but when flashes of light blind Cloud, Sephiroth attempts to strike Cloud.

However, Cloud successfully parries the attack, and takes a stand between Sephiroth and Tifa. Tifa offers Cloud her light, and though Sephiroth insists that the light doesn't suit Cloud, he begins to glow with a bright light, and the fight resumes. In a final brilliant flash of light, Cloud and Sephiroth rise into the air, then vanish.

Goofy asks where Cloud went, and Sora explains that he went to fight a great battle. When Sora asks Tifa what she will do now, she says that she will just have to keep looking and that light is easy to find. Tifa then gives Sora the Fenrir Keychain as thanks for helping.

He makes a deal with Data-Hades about visiting other worlds with the Secret of Heroes. He wants to break away from his past and his powerlessness after he takes care of Data-Hercules and Data-Sora. It seems the reason he bargained with Data-Hades is so he could become stronger to protect someone. He learned from Data-Sora and Data-Hercules that his true strength comes from his heart when he protects someone; for example blocking one of Data-Hades's fireballs that is about to hit Data-Sora and Data-Hercules.

When fighting, Cloud remains in a "combo" of astonishingly rapid sword strokes and occasionally Thunder-based magic attacks, only fighting normally when he seems to be winning and Sora or the others are near. His attacks include the technique "Sonic Rave" where he dashes through his opponents; he can slash his opponents using a powerful combo called "Cross Slash"; he can use "Braver" where he jumps in the air and comes down hard. When enraged, he activates "Omnislash", where he surrounds himself with fire and lightning and starts flying and attacking in a Sephiroth-like manner.

Essentially, his entire moveset consists of his original Limit Breaks. Although Cloud is a much weaker boss than Sephiroth in Kingdom Hearts , the fact he was able to go head-to-head with him in Kingdom Hearts II implies that he wasn't fighting as hard as he could against Sora.

Because he acted as a supporting character, but not as a party member in Kingdom Hearts II , Cloud is immune to damage during the period of time he helps Sora's party.

Gameplay wise, Cloud is by far the most powerful ally in Kingdom Hearts II ; along with being immune to damage, he is able to deal a large amount of damage in a very short amount of time.

In early , WWE introduced the tag titles for its women's division. Nikki A. Since its inception in , there have been 17 different Champions with most of them heading into the Red and Blue brand following their title reign.

After the NXT Championship, this title is considered as the second-most important prize in the men's division of the brand. Lorcan and Burch were forced to vacate the titles after the latter suffered a separated shoulder. Only the wrestler who weigh lbs or below that, are allowed to fight for the title. Pretty Deadly are currently holding the belt.

You can also check out the complete list of AEW Champions here! New User posted their first comment. Log in. WWE Champions. Give feedback. Sort by: Most popular Recent Most upvotes.

Login to post your comment. Show More Comments. List of WWE Champions. View source. History Talk 0. Universal Conquest Wiki. September 2, — December 15, May 2, — present. Won a tournament defeating Pat O'Connor in the final. May 17, January 18, February 8, December 1, December 10, April 30, February 20, Won by forfeit as Backlund's manager threw in the towel. Defeated Ted DiBiase in a tournament final. The Undertaker. Hogan was stripped of the title by Tunney due to the controversy surrounding both of the previous title changes.

This aired December 7, This was a no disqualification match. This was a minute Iron Man match, in which Michaels won 1—0 in overtime. Michaels vacated the title due to a knee injury. Shawn Michaels was the guest referee. Stone Cold Steve Austin.

Vacated after Kane and The Undertaker simultaneously pinned Austin in a triple threat match. The Rock. Defeated Mankind in a tournament final. This was a no disqualification match with Mankind as the guest referee. Both Vince and Shane McMahon were the guest referees. This was a triple threat match that also included Triple H. Triple H. Shane McMahon was the guest referee. James Harrison. This was a triple threat match that also included Kane. This was a minute Iron Man match that Triple H won 6—5.

The Rock pinned Vince to win the title. This was a triple threat match that also included Kurt Angle. Brock Lesnar. Curt Hawkins gave me the Big Ending. There are so many. Mike Doughty. And, of course, Kofi and Woods. We hurt together, we smile together, this is real. All the toughest times have brought us closer together.

I needed those years of seasoning. I think back to all the times I was so scared to do the right thing, but now it is so comfortable, and so much of that is because of Woods and Kofi.

The journey to the top of the industry has been long and arduous, but it starts anew—and brimming with optimism—as Big E embarks on his first world title run. Justin Barrasso can be reached at JBarrasso gmail. Follow him on Twitter JustinBarrasso. Sports Illustrated may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Holloway is ready for a dominant UFC comeback this Saturday.

Top Artists. Top Charts. Hot Songs. Billboard Top Videos. Top Articles. By William Gruger and Alex Pham. Copied to clipboard. They say when and how much they slay you, basically. Oh, and did we mention that Daniel attended Harvard Law School? We can literally hear the world's collective mother gasping: "Oooooooh, a loy-yahhhh! Boyce Avenue have amassed 5. Our personal favorite, though, has gotta be the brothers' team-up with Fifth Harmony on Justin Timberlake's " Mirrors.

But, lest you think that Boyce Avenue are just a cover band, here's some original material for you to sink your teeth into On Apr. We haven't even mentioned "I'll Be The One" featuring Milkman yet, a tightly produced dance track that's got "Song of the Summer" written all over its thumping, " Wake Me Up "-level beat breakdowns. Dammit, May, why are you not June?!?! Sexy Trippy All Moods. Drinking Hanging Out In Love. Introspection Late Night Partying.

Rainy Day Relaxation Road Trip. Romantic Evening Sex All Themes. Articles Features Interviews Lists. Streams Videos All Posts. My Profile. Advanced Search.

Also victimized were cohesive religious communities which competed successfully against a party or government institution for the loyalty of the local populace. Human Rights Commission, the U. Special Rapporteur on Religious Intolerance consider making a followup visit to China early in , going to the provinces where religious repression is most pronounced, including but not limited to Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Shanxi, and insisting on independent access without official oversight or control of his inquiries.

They should make inquiries into the police practice of leveling fines against religious adherents before releasing them from detention. Delegation members should also urge the repeal of all official restrictions on free expression of religious belief and practice. To return to the list of publications click HERE. It put 36 countries in the "orange" category denoting discrimination, compared to 17 two years ago.

The report describes discrimination as when laws or rules apply to a particular group and not to all, and persecution as when there is an active programme to subjugate people based on religion. It was particularly scathing about China and Myanmar.

The most egregious violations were against Muslim Uighurs in Xinjiang "where the atrocities have reached such a scale that a growing number of experts describe them as genocide", it said. In February, the administration of U. President Joe Biden endorsed a last-minute determination by the Trump administration that China has committed genocide in Xinjiang and has said the United States must be prepared to impose costs on China. China says the complexes it set up in Xinjiang provide vocational training to help stamp out Islamist extremism and separatism.

The Chinese foreign ministry has called allegations of forced labour and human rights violations "groundless rumour and slander". In just three years, the country has risen 26 places, reflecting a rapidly deteriorating situation for Christians in the country. It is getting increasingly difficult to avoid having to fall in line with official socialist ideology, even for state-affiliated churches. Please keep praying for your brothers and sisters in China. Your gifts and prayers make an enormous difference to those following Jesus no matter the cost.

Open Doors supports believers in China with persecution survival training, and by providing contextualised Christian literature to believers from Muslim and Buddhist backgrounds. Heavenly Father, we are astounded at the remarkable growth of the church in China, despite years of opposition and hostility. We praise You for the power of the gospel. Fill believers with wisdom, discernment and courage as they seek to serve You in an increasingly monitored environment.

Empower their witness and continue to build Your church. Strengthen and sustain Your children through all challenges. Your support helps persecuted Christians continue to courageously follow Jesus. Together, we can reach those where persecution hits hardest. Back to main list. World Watch ranking:

Primary cough headache. Garza I, et al. Overview of chronic daily headache. Friedman BW, et al. Headache emergencies: Diagnosis and management. Neurological Clinics. Headache hygiene tips. Accessed March 8, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cutrer FM, et al. Cough, exercise, and sex headaches. Neurologic Clinics. Bajwa ZH, et al. Evaluation of headache in adults. Evans RW, et al.

Postconcussion syndrome. Green MW. Secondary headaches. In: Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurology. Simon RA. Allergic and asthmatic reactions to food additives. External compression headache. International Headache Society. Seifert T. Headache in sports. Current Pain and Headache Reports. The elusive hangover cure. Headache: Hope through research. When to see a physician for your headache. National Headache Foundation. Mayo Clinic; Mao L, et al.

Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurology. See also 6 surprising signs you may have obstructive sleep apnea Acromegaly Act FAST if you suspect stroke Acute sinusitis Acute sinusitis: Do over-the-counter treatments help?

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Does obstructive sleep apnea increase my risk for Alzheimer's disease? Does zinc work for colds? Studies show a connection between cluster headache and prior head trauma.

An increased familial risk of these headaches suggests that there may be a genetic cause. Treatment options include non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation which uses a hand-held device to provide electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve through the skin , galcanezumab-gnlm injections, triptan drugs, and oxygen therapy in which pure oxygen is breathed through a mask to reduce blood flow to the brain. Certain antipsychotic drugs, calcium-channel blockers, and anticonvulsants can reduce pain severity and frequency of attacks.

In extreme cases, electrical stimulation of the occipital nerve to prevent nerve signaling or surgical procedures that destroy or cut certain facial nerves may provide relief. Paroxysmal hemicrania is a rare form of primary headache that usually begins in adulthood. Pain and related symptoms may be similar to those felt in cluster headaches, but with shorter duration. Attacks typically occur 5 to 40 times per day, with each attack lasting 2 to 45 minutes.

Severe throbbing, claw-like, or piercing pain is felt on one side of the face-in, around, or behind the eye and occasionally reaching to the back of the neck. Other symptoms may include red and watery eyes, a drooping or swollen eyelid on the affected side of the face, and nasal congestion. Individuals may also feel dull pain, soreness, or tenderness between attacks or increased sensitivity to light on the affected side of the face.

Paroxysmal hemicrania has two forms:. Certain movements of the head or neck, external pressure to the neck, and alcohol use may trigger these headaches.

Attacks occur more often in women than in men and have no familial pattern. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin can quickly halt the pain and related symptoms of paroxysmal hemicrania, but symptoms recur once the drug treatment is stopped. Non-prescription analgesics and calcium-channel blockers can ease discomfort, particularly if taken when symptoms first appear. SUNCT Short-lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing is a very rare type of headache with bursts of moderate to severe burning, piercing, or throbbing pain that is usually felt in the forehead, eye, or temple on one side of the head.

The pain usually peaks within seconds of onset and may follow a pattern of increasing and decreasing intensity. Attacks typically occur during the day and last from 5 seconds to 4 minutes per episode. Individuals generally have five to six attacks per hour and are pain-free between attacks. This primary headache is slightly more common in men than in women, with onset usually after age SUNCT may be episodic, occurring once or twice annually with headaches that remit and recur, or chronic, lasting more than 1year.

Symptoms include reddish or bloodshot eyes conjunctival injection , watery eyes, stuffy or runny nose, sweaty forehead, puffy eyelids, increased pressure within the eye on the affected side of the head, and increased blood pressure. SUNCT is very difficult to treat. Anticonvulsants may relieve some of the symptoms, while anesthetics and corticosteroid drugs can treat some of the severe pain felt during these headaches.

Surgery and glycerol injections to block nerve signaling along the trigeminal nerve have poor outcomes and provide only temporary relief in severe cases. Doctors are beginning to use deep brain stimulation involving a surgically implanted battery-powered electrode that emits pulses of energy to surrounding brain tissue to reduce the frequency of attacks in severely affected individuals. Miscellaneous Primary Headaches Other headaches that are not caused by other disorders include:.

Chronic daily headache refers to a group of headache disorders that occur at least 15 days a month during a 3-month period. In addition to chronic tension-type headache, chronic migraine, and medication overuse headache discussed above , these headaches include hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache. Individuals feel constant, mostly moderate pain throughout the day on the sides or top of the head. They may also experience other types of headache. Adolescents and adults may experience chronic daily headaches.

In children, stress from school and family activities may contribute to these headaches. Primary stabbing headache , also known as "ice pick" or "jabs and jolts" headache, is characterized by intense piercing pain that strikes without warning and generally lasts 1 to 10 seconds.

The stabbing pain usually occurs around the eye but may be felt in multiple sites along the trigeminal nerve. Onset typically occurs between 45 and 50 years of age.

Some individuals may have only one headache per year while others may have multiple headaches daily. Most attacks are spontaneous, but headaches may be triggered by sudden movement, bright lights, or emotional stress. Primary stabbing headache occurs most often in people who have migraine, hemicrania continua, tension-type, or cluster headaches.

The disorder is hard to treat, because each attack is extremely short. Indomethacin and other headache preventive medications can relieve pain in people who have multiple episodes of primary stabbing headache. Primary exertional headache may be brought on by fits of coughing or sneezing or intense physical activity such as running, basketball, lifting weights, or sexual activity. The headache begins at the onset of activity. Pain rarely lasts more than several minutes but can last up to 2 days.

Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting. This type of headache is typically seen in individuals who have a family history of migraine. Warm-up exercises prior to the physical activity can help prevent the headache and indomethacin can relieve the pain. Hypnic headache , previously called "alarm-clock" headache, awakens people mostly at night.

Onset is usually after age Hypnic headache may occur 15 or more times per month, with no known trigger. Bouts of mild to moderate throbbing pain usually last from 15 minutes to 3 hours after waking and are most often felt on both sides of the head. Other symptoms include nausea or increased sensitivity to sound or light. Hypnic headache may be a disorder of rapid eye movement REM sleep as the attacks occur most often during dreaming. Both men and women are affected by this disorder, which is usually treated with caffeine, indomethacin, or lithium.

Local blood vessels constrict to reduce the loss of body heat and then relax and allow the blood flow to increase. The resulting burst of pain lasts for about 5 minutes. Ice cream headache is more common in individuals who have migraine. The pain stops once the body adapts to the temperature change. Secondary headaches are symptoms of another health disorder that causes pain-sensitive nerve endings to be pressed on or pulled or pushed out of place.

They result from underlying conditions that affect the brain. Some of the more serious causes of secondary headache include:. Brain tumor. A tumor that is growing in the brain can press against nerve tissue and pain-sensitive blood vessel walls, disrupting communication between the brain and the nerves or restricting the supply of blood to the brain.

Headaches may develop, worsen, become more frequent, or come and go, often at irregular periods. Headache pain may worsen when coughing, changing posture, or straining, and may be severe upon waking.

Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, most individuals with headache do not have brain tumors.

Disorders of blood vessels in the brain , including stroke. Several disorders associated with blood vessel formation and activity can cause headache. Most notable among these conditions is stroke. Headache itself can cause stroke or accompany a series of blood vessel disorders that can cause a stroke. There are two forms of stroke:. Hemorrhagic stroke is usually associated with disturbed brain function and an extremely painful headache that develops suddenly and may worsen with physical activity, coughing, or straining.

Headache conditions associated with hemorrhagic stroke include:. Ischemic stroke Headache that accompanies ischemic stroke can be caused by several problems with the brain's vascular system. Headache is prominent in individuals with clots in the brain's veins. Head pain occurs on the side of the brain in which the clot blocks blood flow and is often felt in the eyes or on the side of the head. Conditions of ischemic stroke that can cause headache include:. Exposure to a substance or its withdrawal.

Headaches may result from drinking alcohol, following carbon monoxide poisoning, or from exposure to toxic chemicals and metals, cleaning products or solvents, and pesticides. These headaches are usually treated by identifying and removing the cause of the toxic buildup. The withdrawal from certain medicines or caffeine after frequent or excessive use also can cause headaches. Head injury.

Headaches are often a symptom of a concussion or other head injury. The headache may develop either immediately or months after a blow to the head, with pain felt at the injury site or throughout the head. Emotional disturbances may worsen headache pain. In most cases, the cause of post-traumatic headache is unknown. Sometimes the cause is ruptured blood vessels, which result in an accumulation of blood called a hematoma. This mass of blood can displace brain tissue and cause headaches as well as:.

Hematomas can be drained surgically to produce rapid relief of symptoms. Bleeding between the dura the outermost layer of the protective covering of the brain and the skull, called epidural hematoma , usually occurs minutes to hours after a skull fracture and is especially dangerous.

Bleeding between the brain and the dura, called subdural hematoma , is frequently associated with a dull, persistent ache on one side of the head. Nausea, vomiting, and mild disturbance of brain function also occur. Subdural hematoma may occur after head trauma but also occurs spontaneously in elderly persons or in individuals taking anticoagulant medications. Increased intracranial pressure. A growing tumor, infection, or hydrocephalus an extensive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain can raise pressure in the brain and compress nerves and blood vessels, causing headaches.

Hydrocephalus is most often treated with the surgical placement of a shunt system that diverts the fluid to a site elsewhere in the body, where it can be absorbed as part of the circulatory process. Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension, previously known as pseudotumor cerebri meaning "false brain tumor" , is associated with severe headache.

It can be caused by clotting in the major cerebral veins or certain medications some antibiotics, withdrawal of corticosteroids, human growth hormone replacement, and vitamin A and related compounds.

It is most commonly seen in young, overweight females. Diagnosis usually requires a spinal fluid examination to document the high pressure and the rapid resolution of headache after the spinal fluid is removed.

Although called benign, the condition may lead to visual loss if left untreated. Weight loss, ending the use of the drug suspected of causing the problem, and diuretic treatment can help relieve the pressure. Inflammation from infections. Inflammation from infections can harm or destroy nerve cells and cause dull to severe headache pain, brain damage, or stroke, among other conditions.

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord meningitis and encephalitis requires urgent medical attention. Diagnosis and identification of the infection usually requires examination and culture of a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment options include:. Headaches also may occur with a fever or a flu-like infection. The risk seems to be highest with aspirin, acetaminophen and caffeine combinations. Overuse headaches may also occur if you take aspirin or ibuprofen Advil, Motrin IB, others for more than 14 days a month or triptans, sumatriptan Imitrex, Tosymra or rizatriptan Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT for more than nine days a month.

Medication-overuse headaches occur when medications stop relieving pain and begin to cause headaches. You then use more pain medication, which continues the cycle. Migraine care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.

Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head.

Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Minute Weathering migraines. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Cutrer FM, et al. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of migraine in adults. Accessed Jan. Migraine information page.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Headache: Hope through research. Accessed Feb. Smith JH, et al. Acute treatment of migraine in adults. Simon RP, et al. In: Clinical Neurology. McGraw Hill; Ha H, et al. Migraine headache prophylaxis. American Family Physician. Kissoon NR expert opinion.

Time management can also help keep scribes organised and not behind schedule for the day so a medical office can operate as it should. A career as a medical scribe requires dedication and motivation. Scribes are not responsible for the care of the patient, but their work helps doctors concentrate on patients, which usually means the patient has a positive experience.

A scribe also needs to meet deadlines and manage well with remote working. The salary package is dependent on their experience, proficiency and education. You may also earn more if you work for certain employers or if you earn promotions through your work experience. Here are some frequently asked questions you may desire the answers to:. Medical scribes often work for a fixed number of hours every week, much like a corporate office. This can be anywhere between eight and 10 hours per day for a full-time schedule.

Depending on the doctor's time zone, scribes may have a morning or an evening shift. The career trajectory of a scribe can take different paths. They can earn promotions to become a senior scribe, a quality assurance specialist, trainer or a member of the management team.

In many cases, scribes pursue further education in the medical field to become nurses or even doctors. Becoming a scribe is a good entry-level career that you can even work part-time while completing your studies.

Medical transcriptionists type every word that the doctor says during their dictation and prepare documents. The document prepared by them is almost verbatim.

Conversely, a medical scribe acts like the doctor's partner and helps them prepare essential medical records. Medical scribes gain clinical experience and are knowledgeable about medical terminology, human anatomy and physiology.

A hospital may hire a medical scribe or a transcriptionist depending on the doctor's needs. Working in this role can be a challenge, but it can also be rewarding.

The Medical Scribing Specialist uses a personalized Yubikey to log in and access the Scribe Cock-pit and electronically register his attendance into the shift-planning calendar. Prep times are dependent on the number of patients scheduled. He makes note of QA feedbacks if any. In an unlikely event that the doctor is not available on stream due to a technical glitch, the scribe immediately communicates to frontline support and our internal tech support.

The Medical Scribe starts his shift wishing his doctor and sometimes even manages to sneak in a couple of minutes of friendly banter. A Medical Scribing Specialist as a matter of practice checks the Google Glass battery charge and alerts the doctor in cases where the battery charge is below the threshold. The Medical Scribing Specialist goes on to take notes based on the doctor-patient interactions and the visuals that is available from Google Glass into the note-writer available in the cockpit and transfers the same into the EH-R, all this in real-time.

While the primary responsibility of the Medical Scribing Specialist is to ensure all the doctor patient interactions are documented, the scribe also performs other duties such as alerting the doctor on patient appointments, accessing relevant patient information from previous records and making them available, checking for inconsistent documentation and documentation deficiencies, assisting the provider in finding the relevant medical codes, printing PT forms, lab results, and AVS forms for the patient.

Providers spend time with their scribes in educating them and sometimes sharing personal experiences. Doctors are more than willing to help their scribes which in turn helps their productivity. For e. Scribes are trained to be respectful and polite in the most difficult situations. Scribes complete all their charting with the specified shift hours and complete EOD summaries before they sign-off. Time permitting, a quick chat before end-of-shift with their provider is normal practice.

Yubikeys are deposited in predefined secure lockers before the scribe heads homewards for a restful day to recuperate and prepare for another eventful shift.

I received an email regarding an open position at a hospital about an hour away from my house. I then researched other programs in my area and was surprised to find a few located closer to my house.

I applied to another program and was accepted. Once I was hired, there was a lengthy orientation session to teach the basics of the computer program our hospital used for electronic medical records EMRs , the layout of a note, and how to write an HPI.

After this session, we were required to complete eight to 10 training sessions with another senior trainer. We were paid for all of the sessions at a slightly lower rate than our base pay , and it took approximately two months from the time I was hired until I was permitted to scribe without supervision.

Every year, there are numerous positions that open up, mainly in the fall as senior scribes are entering their respective schools medical, PA, nursing, M.

Therefore, we begin hiring new scribes in March or April and continue until September or October. Hiring in the winter months is minimal and dependent on staffing requirements. It prepared me a great deal for both medical school and upper-level undergraduate courses.

Deliver comprehensive care with increased efficiency and access to care. Reduce length of stay and improve patient satisfaction with providers unburdened by clerical tasks. Reduce wait times for acute episodes while improving patient and provider satisfaction. Adding a qualified Nurse Scribe to the care team increases quality of work-life and reduces stress on nurses.

Solutions For You. Avoid Provider Burnout. Contact Client Solutions. Why ScribeAmerica. As your trusted thought partner, access over a decade of strategic analysis and case studies to help transform your practice.

Our suite of offerings drive superior results across the care continuum. Scribe Family.

They have spawned dozens of bakeries devoted entirely to them. While chocolate and vanilla remain classic favorites, fancy flavors such as raspberry meringue and espresso fudge can be found on menus.

There are cookbooks, blogs, and magazines specifically dedicated to cupcakes. Icing, also called frosting in the United States, is a sweet often creamy glaze made of sugar with a liquid, such as water or milk, that is often enriched with ingredients such as butter, egg whites, cream cheese, or flavorings.

It is used to cover or decorate baked goods. Elizabeth Raffald documented the first recipe for icing in in the Experienced English Housekeeper, according to the Food Timeline. The simplest icing is a glace icing, containing powdered sugar and water.

This can be flavored and colored as desired, for example, by using lemon juice in place of the water. More complicated icings can be made by beating fat into powdered sugar as in buttercream , by melting fat and sugar together, by using egg whites as in royal icing , and by adding other ingredients such as glycerin as in fondant.

Some icings can be made from combinations of sugar and cream cheese or sour cream, or by using ground almonds as in marzipan. In the early 19th century, there were two different uses for the name cup cake or cupcake. These allow home bakers to express themselves with edible markers and customize the product for special occasions.

Debra Lee works with children with autism and other disabilities. The artwork they make has amazed her and the kids hold a very special place in her heart. She, in turn, wants to help raise awareness of special needs children. A portion of the profits she makes from Bake Huggers goes toward autism research, to help find a cure and for treatment for those living with the disorder.

List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Mary Bellis. Inventions Expert. Mary Bellis covered inventions and inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years.

She is known for her independent films and documentaries, including one about Alexander Graham Bell. Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Bellis, Mary. Who Invented the Cupcake? The History of Cheesecake and Cream Cheese. Rosca de Reyes for Three King's Day. What Was the Sugar Act? Definition and History. Chemistry Scavenger Hunt Clues and Answers. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email.

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