The osseous tissue is relatively hard and lightweight in nature. It is mostly formed of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxyapatite, which gives bones their rigidity. It has relatively high compressive strength, but poor tensile strength, and very low shear stress strength.
The hard outer layer of bones is composed of compact bone tissue, so-called due to its minimal gaps and spaces. Filling the interior of the bone is the trabecular bone tissue an open cell porous network also called cancellous or spongy bone , which is composed of a network of rod and plate-like elements that make the overall organ lighter and allow room for blood vessels and marrow.
This is considered a specialized form of connective tissue. Blood is a bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances, such as nutrients and oxygen, to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
It is an atypical connective tissue since it does not bind, connect, or network with any body cells. It is made up of blood cells and is surrounded by a nonliving fluid called plasma. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content.
Organization at the Tissue Level. Search for:. Connective Tissue. Learning Objectives Describe the main characteristics and functions of connective tissue.
Key Takeaways Key Points Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues. Connective tissue has three main components: cells, fibers, and ground substance. Connective tissue is classified into two subtypes: soft and specialized connective tissue. Major functions of connective tissue include: 1 binding and supporting, 2 protecting, 3 insulating, 4 storing reserve fuel, and 5 transporting substances within the body.
Connective tissues can have various levels of vascularity. Cartilage is avascular, while dense connective tissue is poorly vascularized. Others, such as bone, are richly supplied with blood vessels. Key Terms extracellular matrix : Cells of the connective tissue are suspended in a non-cellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
Types of Connective Tissue Connective tissues encompass a diverse array of tissue types that are involved in binding and supporting body structure and tissues. Learning Objectives Describe the diverse types of connective tissue. Key Takeaways Key Points The lymphatic system is a part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally towards the heart.
Blood is considered a specialized form of connective tissue. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in a liquid called blood plasma. The primary tissue of bone, osseous tissue, is a relatively hard and lightweight composite material, formed mostly of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxylapatite.
Cartilage is a specialized form of connective tissue produced by differentiated fibroblast-like cells called chondrocytes. It is characterized by a prominent extracellular matrix consisting of various proportions of connective tissue fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix.
Chondrocytes are located within lacunae in the matrix that they have built around themselves. Individual lacunae may contain multiple cells deriving from a common progenitor. Lacunae are separated from one another as a result of the secretory activity of the chondrocytes.
A highly fibrous, organized, dense connective tissue capsule known as the perichondrium surrounds cartilage. The fibroblast-like cells of this layer have chondrogenic potentiality, and are responsible for the enlargement of cartilage plates by appositional growth. Appositional growth involves cell division, differentiation, and secretion of new extracellular matrix, thereby contributing mass and new cells at the cartilage surface.
It is in contrast to interstitial growth, in which new matrix is deposited within mature cartilage. Three kinds of cartilage are classified according to the abundance of certain fibers and the characteristics of their matrix:. Pre-Lab Quiz Review the four primary types of collagen and where they are typically found. Type 2 - Cartilage. Type 3 - Reticular Fibers. Type 4 - Basement Membrane. Answer: White adipose tissue is composed of large cells with prominent central vacuoles. It is white because the lipid is washed away during fixation and the vacuoles appear white under the microscope.
Brown adipose tissue has smaller cells with many lipid droplets and mitochondria. It is brown because of the large number of cytochromes present. Answer: Hyaline cartilage — type II collagen — nose, tracheal rings, end of ribs. Fibrocartilage - type I collagen - tendons, intervertebral discs. Elastic cartilage - type II collagen - ear and epiglottis. Answer: Fibroblast may be very basophilic because it has a lot of RER, and you may actually be able to see it releasing collagen.
Macrophages are mononuclear cells that are generally nondescript, although they are easily identifiable if they have been actively phagocytosing particles. Mast cells have a characteristic granulated appearance. Slides Please select whether to view the slides in study mode or quiz mode.
In study mode, the images will contain labels and a description. In quiz mode, labels and description will be hidden. Study Mode. Virtual Microscope Slides Skin Identify two different types of connective tissue that are prominent in this slide.
What are the functions of each type? This is a section of trachea. Begin by recalling the pertinent information from the Laboratory on Epithelia. Slide 43 Thick Skin, Sole of the Foot. They tend to have a wavy appearance and may be sectioned obliquely, transversely or longitudinally. Nuclei of fibroblasts fibrocytes are numerous among the collagen fibers.
Slide 92 Thick Skin, Monkey Finger. Again note the wavy collagen fibers of the dermis in this slide of thick skin. Slide 47 Submaxillary Gland, Verhoeff's Hematoxylin. Elastic fibers stain black with Verhoeff's Hematoxylin and are seen as branching black lines.
In this slide, the elastic fibers are clearly visible around ducts and vessels collagen fibers are green. Both elastic and collagen fibers and various connective tissue cells are visible in this preparation. Verhoeff's Hematoxylin stains elastic fibers black and Van Gieson stains collagen acidophilic. In your slide the acidophilic collagen fibers may not be obvious.
Mast cells are easily identified due to the metachromasia of granules with toluidine blue. Slide 79 Spleen, Reticular stain. However, these fibers stain black with silver stain and are often called argyrophilic fibers. The spleen demonstrates the supportive network of reticular fibers present in many organs. This slide demonstrates both collagen red and reticular black fibers.
The common cell types in connective tissue include: fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and leukocytes.
Slide 72 Tendon. Fibroblasts are the most common cell type of connective tissue. They produce both fibers and amorphous ground substance. Typically only the oval nuclei are visible. These cells are found associated with the fibers listed above. In the tendon, fibroblasts are seen as elongate nuclei found sandwiched between collagen fibers.
Slide 93 Connective Tissue Spread.
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