Gestalt theory , stated simply, is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Basically, humanity tries to make order out of chaos. Take for example, a car.
The car itself is greater than merely the metal, the mechanics, and motor. The mind makes the transition from realizing the individual parts to comprehending the car as a whole. In a painting, we comprehend the whole image instead of just seeing the paint, the canvas, and the brush. This is humanity's way of visually and psychologically organizing information. We do this by grouping elements together into new wholes, and we do this in several ways. Proximity is grouping by nearness.
The closer the elements are together, the more likely it is that they are seen as a group. Repetition is grouping by similarity. If elements are similar, they are perceived as related, and thus, grouped together.
Any element can be repeated — line, shape, color, texture, or value. Repeating other features can also create unity such as using the same angle or size. Repetition is one of the simplest and most effective ways to unify a design. Alignment is another way to accomplish unity throughout a composition. Though simple, it is not always easy to accomplish. Alignment is the lining up of the edges of an object , and this allows the eye to group these elements together.
If you are OCD, you may have some serious issues when alignment is incorrect. Continuation is grouping by connection. It is when something a line, a curve, an edge connects one element to another. Continuation doesn't have to be an actual connection; implied links are also an example.
If unity is what holds an image together, variety is what makes it worth looking at. There are many ways to create variety just as there are many ways to create unity. Creating variations of different elements is one such way. If unity is what brings a composition together and variety is what makes it interesting, we can very easily see how these two principles are extraordinarily important to the success of a work of art. Variety can be achieved by using opposites or strong contrasts, changing an angle or a point of view, or by breaking a repeating pattern to create a focal point.
We incorporate variety in our interior spaces to mix things up. The danger of not implementing some type of variety are dull, stagnant interiors that provide little to no stimulation or focus. It can be used to draw attention to a help desk, aid in wayfinding or add interest to a large open work area. Check back in a couple of weeks to learn more about harmony and unity, and how to use it in conjunction with variety to create dynamic interiors that strengthen your brand.
Rhythm is defined as a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound. It's created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm achieved through linear elements, alternating elements, gradation, repetition, or intricate details. Unity and Variety. Unity in an artwork creates a sense of harmony and wholeness, by using similar elements within the composition and placing them in a way that brings them all together.
Variety adds interest by using contrasting elements within the composition. Unity is identified in three ways : compositional unity , conceptual unity , and gestalt unity. Variety is an opposing principle that supports and contrasts with unity by introducing dissimilar elements and ideas.
You can achieve rhythm in a design through repetition of lines, colors, shapes and texture. Radiation is another way of achieving rhythm. Radiation occurs when lines or other elements extend outward from a central point. The principle of repetition simply means the reusing of the same or similar elements throughout your design. Repetition of certain design elements in a design will bring a clear sense of unity, consistency, and cohesiveness.
Designers use unity to make elements in a composition appear to belong together. When each elements has a clear visual relationship to one or more other elements, the composition is unified.
When unity is achieved: a composition does not become cluttered or confusing. That said, the following twelve principles are those mentioned most often in articles and books on the subject. Answer: the 6 fundamental principles of design which are: balance , proximity, alignment, repetition, contrast and space.
Lets look at what each does. The elements and principles of design are the building blocks. The elements of design are the things that make up a design. The Elements of Design are the things that artists and designers work with to create a design, or composition.
The Elements are: line, shape , space, value, color and texture. When you as an artist create artwork the principles of design become very important to it. These principles are key in creating an effectively designed piece of artwork. The most common design principles are unity, emphasis, contrast, movement, pattern, rhythm, and balance.
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